almalinux

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How to query packages information with the rpm package manager

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RPM is the recursive acronym for RPM Package Manager: it is the default low level package manager in some of the most famous and most used Linux distributions, such as Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, OpenSUSE and their derivatives. The software, as you can expect, is free and open source; when invoked with the -q option it can be used to query packages to retrieve specific information, such as dependencies, recommendations, files etc. In this tutorial we learn how to perform such queries.

In this tutorial you will learn:

  • How to run rpm in “query” mode
  • How to obtain general information about a package
  • How to read a package changelog
  • How to list the files provided by a package
  • How to list the scripts used by a package
  • How to list a package dependencies and recommendations
  • How to list packages rendered obsolete by an rpm
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How to query packages information with the rpm package manager

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How to work with dnf package groups

How to work with dnf package groups

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Dnf is the default high-level package manager in the Red Hat family of distributions, which includes Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux and all its clones. It is the successor of Yum, and indeed using the yum command in recent versions of the distributions mentioned above, is just another way to call dnf. Dnf has a lot of nice features
and plugins which help us install, update and remove software packaged in the “.rpm” format. In this tutorial we explore dnf package groups and learn how to handle them.

In this tutorial you will learn:

  • What is a package group
  • How to get information about a package group
  • How to list all available package groups
  • How to install, upgrade and remove a package group
How to work with dnf package groups

How to work with dnf package groups

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Setting up a Samba share on AlmaLinux

How to setup Samba Server and client on AlmaLinux

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File servers often need to accommodate a variety of different client systems. Running Samba allows Windows systems to connect and access files, as well as other Linux systems and MacOS. An alternative solution would be to run an FTP/SFTP server, which can also support the connections from many systems.

In this guide, we’ll go over the instructions to setup a Samba server on AlmaLinux. This is a great way to prepare your file server after installing AlmaLinux or migrating from CentOS to AlmaLinux. We’ll also see how to connect to the file server from other AlmaLinux client computers.

In this tutorial you will learn:

  • How to install Samba on AlmaLinux
  • How to allow Samba through firewalld
  • How to create a Samba user
  • How to configure Samba to share a directory
  • How to allow Samba through SELinux
  • How to connect to Samba server from AlmaLinux client
Setting up a Samba share on AlmaLinux

Setting up a Samba share on AlmaLinux

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The chrony NTP server source list on AlmaLinux

How to configure NTP server and client on AlmaLinux

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NTP stands for Network Time Protocol and is used for clock synchronization across multiple computers. An NTP server is responsible for keeping a set of computers in sync with each other. On a local network, the server should be able to keep all client systems to within a single millisecond of each other.

Such a configuration would be necessary if, for example, the systems needed to start or stop a task in unison at a precise time. In this article, we’ll show you how to configure an NTP server on AlmaLinux and how to configure a client system to sync its system time with said server. This can be done from a fresh AlmaLinux installation or on a system that has migrated from CentOS to AlmaLinux.

In this tutorial you will learn:

  • How to install and configure chrony NTP server
  • How to open firewall to incoming NTP requests
  • How to connect to an NTP server from a client machine
The chrony NTP server source list on AlmaLinux

The chrony NTP server source list on AlmaLinux

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LEMP stack running successfully on AlmaLinux

How to install LEMP stack on AlmaLinux

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A LEMP stack is an assortment of software that contains everything you need in order to serve a website, show dynamic content, and store or retrieve data from a database. The software is all within the LEMP acronym, namely the Linux operating system, NGINX web server, MySQL database (or MariaDB alternatively), and PHP programming language.

If you’ve installed AlmaLinux or migrated from CentOS to AlmaLinux, then you already have the first requirement done. Next, you just need to get your LEMP stack up and running. In this guide, we’ll show the step by step instructions to install a LEMP stack on AlmaLinux.

Note that it’s also possible to install a LAMP stack on AlmaLinux, which is very similar to LEMP except that it contains Apache as the web server instead of NGINX.

In this tutorial you will learn:

  • How to install all LEMP prerequisite packages on AlmaLinux
  • How to secure MariaDB database
  • How to start NGINX and MariaDB services
  • How to open HTTP and HTTPS firewall ports
LEMP stack running successfully on AlmaLinux

LEMP stack running successfully on AlmaLinux

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LAMP stack running successfully on AlmaLinux

How to install LAMP stack on AlmaLinux

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A LAMP stack is an assortment of software that contains everything you need in order to serve a website, show dynamic content, and store or retrieve data from a database. The software is all within the LAMP acronym, namely the Linux operating system, Apache web server, MySQL database (or MariaDB alternatively), and PHP programming language.

If you’ve installed AlmaLinux or migrated from CentOS to AlmaLinux, then you already have the first requirement done. Next, you just need to get your LAMP stack up and running. In this guide, we’ll show the step by step instructions to install a LAMP stack on AlmaLinux.

In this tutorial you will learn:

  • How to install all LAMP prerequisite packages on AlmaLinux
  • How to secure MariaDB database
  • How to start httpd and MariaDB services
  • How to open HTTP and HTTPS firewall ports
LAMP stack running successfully on AlmaLinux

LAMP stack running successfully on AlmaLinux

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Adding a new static route in AlmaLinux

How to add route on AlmaLinux

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By default, when a Linux system tries to communicate with a network address, the computer will send the request to the default gateway. The default gateway is usually a router, which can take the system’s request and forward it to the next hop, wherever that may be.

This behavior can be overridden by adding one or more static routes to the Linux machine. Such a configuration can be desirable if the network has multiple networks and routers, and a user needs to instruct the computer which way to route certain traffic.

Red Hat based distributions, such as AlmaLinux, can use the nmcli command line utility to configure static routes, along with the ip route command and manual configuration of ifcfg files. Alternatively, you can use your installed desktop environment to apply the configuration. In this guide, we’ll go over the step by step instructions to add static routes on AlmaLinux through both command line and GUI methods. These instructions are applicable whether you’ve freshly installed AlmaLinux or have migrated from CentOS to AlmaLinux.

In this tutorial you will learn:

  • How to add a route via nmcli command
  • How to add a route via ip route command
  • How to add a route via ifcfg files
  • How to add a route via GNOME GUI
Adding a new static route in AlmaLinux

Adding a new static route in AlmaLinux

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Resetting a user password on AlmaLinux

How to reset password on AlmaLinux

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After installing AlmaLinux or migrating from CentOS to AlmaLinux, most users will eventually run into the need to do some user account management, such as adding a new user account or resetting a password.

If you or one of the other users of an AlmaLinux system forgets the password to their account, there’s a simple way to reset the password from either command line or GUI. The same steps can also apply if it’s simply time to change your password or you want to force another user’s password to expire and change.

There are several scenarios that you might encounter that cause you to reset your password.

  1. You need to change a normal user or the root account’s password
  2. You want to force a user to change their password
  3. You have forgotten the root account password

In this guide, we’ll be covering the step by step instructions for problems 1 and 2 mentioned above. If you need help resetting your system’s root password, see our other guide for recovering a root password on RHEL.

In this tutorial you will learn:

  • How to change user or root password via command line
  • How to change user password via GNOME GUI
  • How to force a user’s password to expire and be reset
Resetting a user password on AlmaLinux

Resetting a user password on AlmaLinux

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SSH server enabled and running on AlmaLinux

How to enable SSH on Almalinux

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SSH is the primary method of remote access and administration on Linux systems. SSH is a client-server service providing secure, encrypted connections over a network connection. After installing AlmaLinux or migrating from CentOS to AlmaLinux, it will probably be one of the first things you want to configure.

In this guide, we’ll go over the step by step instructions to install and configure SSH on AlmaLinux. This will help you whether you just want to connect to remote systems via SSH or you want your own system to accept incoming connections as well.

In this tutorial you will learn:

  • How to install SSH
  • How to start and stop the SSH service
  • How to allow SSH through system firewall
SSH server enabled and running on AlmaLinux

SSH server enabled and running on AlmaLinux

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Disabling SELinux on AlmaLinux

How to disable SELinux on AlmaLinux

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SELinux, which stands for Security Enhanced Linux, is an extra layer of security control built into Red Hat Enterprise Linux and its derivative Linux distributions, such as AlmaLinux. SELinux is enabled by default on the system, and would have to be manually disabled if a user doesn’t wish to use it.

Although SELinux can protect our system through access control for programs and system services, it’s not always necessary to have it enabled. Some users may even find that it interferes with certain programs they try to install. In this guide, we’ll go over the step by step instructions to disable SELinux on AlmaLinux, whether you’ve freshly installed AlmaLinux or migrated from CentOS to AlmaLinux.

In this tutorial you will learn:

  • How to check the status of SELinux
  • How to put SELinux in permissive mode
  • How to disable SELinux
Disabling SELinux on AlmaLinux

Disabling SELinux on AlmaLinux

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AlmaLinux download

AlmaLinux Download

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AlmaLinux is a Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and maintained by CloudLinux, a company that provides server hosting and Linux software. For other most popular Linux distributions, please visit our dedicated Linux download page.

MIGRATE YOUR CENTOS TO ALMALINUX
Follow our guide to learn how to migrate CentOS to AlmaLinux, if you prefer convert your existing operating system instead of starting with a new AlmaLinux installation.

The motivation behind Alma’s release is to serve as a viable replacement for CentOS at the time of its shift from an enterprise-stable operating system to an upstream development branch of RHEL. Users can even switch from CentOS to AlmaLinux with just one command that will swap repositories and keys.

AlmaLinux functions very similarly to RHEL, but it’s completely free. It’s marketed to users and companies that need enterprise-level stability in a Fedora-like operating system. In other words, companies that want to use Red Hat but don’t want to pay the subscription fee and/or don’t need tech support can use AlmaLinux to fill the gap.

Being based on RHEL naturally makes AlmaLinux more geared towards servers and workstations, though it can still work well as a desktop operating system for some people. The full installation comes with the GNOME desktop environment and proves easy enough to use, but Linux newcomers will find a more welcoming experience in a user friendly distro like Ubuntu.

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Completing the merge from CentOS to AlmaLinux

How to migrate from CentOS to AlmaLinux

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The main motivation behind the creation of AlmaLinux was to be a viable replacement for CentOS Linux at the time of its shift from an enterprise-stable operating system to an upstream development branch of RHEL.

Now that AlmaLinux is released, it still leaves CentOS users wondering how to switch operating systems. Ideally, this should be done as seamlessly as possible, to prevent downtime, loss of data, etc. In this guide, we’ll show you the step by step instructions to migrate from CentOS to AlmaLinux with just a few commands.

In this tutorial you will learn:

  • How to migrate from CentOS to AlmaLinux
Completing the merge from CentOS to AlmaLinux

Completing the merge from CentOS to AlmaLinux

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