od
Last Updated on Sunday, 19 December 2010 10:42
| Article Index |
|---|
| 1. Name |
| 2. Synopsis |
| 3. Frequently used options |
| 4. Examples |
1. Name
od [man page] - dump files in octal and other formats
2. Synopsis
od [OPTION]... [FILE]... od [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]] od --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
3. Frequently used options
t, --format=TYPE
select output format or formats
-a same as -t a, select named characters
-c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or
backslash escapes
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte
units
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
4. Examples
Suppose that we have a file which contains:
$ echo -e "one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\nfive\n\nsix" > file
by default all output from od command comes as octal:
$ od file
Fist column is a octal offset of a file and the following output is a file content in octal representation.With -c option we can instruct od command to represent values in a file as ASCII.
$ od -a file
:[[Image:od02.gif]] To get understanding of what a offset is, we can use wc command to get total number of bytes in the file and that convert it with bc to octal number.
$ wc -c file
$ echo "obase=8; ibase=10; 29;" | bc
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