Linux tutorials and more...
Does Linux Certification cut the mustard?
For those pursuing a Linux career, is Linux certification a must have or an indication that you lack the real world experience that employers demand?Â
In the ever fast-paced and dynamic context of information technology, IT professionals need to be on their toes, constantly staying abreast of changes in the technology platforms on which they work. Operating systems are refined and improved in newer versions of technology, mandating systems administrators to constantly be on a learning curve to keep up with the changes.
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What is DHCP and how to configure DHCP server in Linux
Anyone with a basic knowledge of computer networking knows that in order for two hosts communicate on the same network using TCP/IP model, both hosts need to have an unique IP address. There are two ways on how a network host can obtain an IP address.Â
One way is to manually configure network interface and assign an IP address by hand. This is called static configuration which means that host's IP address will never change until changed manually again by user or system administrator. If company's network includes more than 1000 hosts this job of setting up each individual host with static IP address will become tiresome and more importantly inefficient.
Read more: What is DHCP and how to configure DHCP server in Linux
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IceCat 5 installation on Debian 6 Squeeze
This guide describes step-by-step installation of GNU/IceCat web browser on Debian 6.0 "Squeeze". At the moment there are no pre-compiled packages for a Debian so we are going to do this nicely from command line by compiling GNU IceCat 5 from a sources code.
Step 1: Pre-requisites installation
First we need to install all pre-requisites. As a root use apt-get to fetch and install all required packages:
# apt-get install libgnomevfs2-dev bzip2 python zip \
pkg-config libgtk2.0-dev libnotify-dev libgl1-mesa-dev \
libasound2-dev libidl-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libiw-dev \
libxt-dev build-essential
Step 2: Yasm ( Modular Assembler ) compilation
Although yasm is part of the Debian repository and it is available as a pre-compiled package GNU IceCat requires yasm >= 1.1.0. From this reason we will need to compile yasm from source.
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Has Google been in touch yet?
If you’re an IT person in today’s world, you are living in charmed times. The job market is finally picking up after the lull of the recession induced by the global financial crisis. Big corporations and the small business sector alike are back in expansion mode and are seeking, in fact vying, to attract quality skilled human resources to make growth possible. With unemployment low, the job seekers pool is limited, forcing organisations to be more resourceful and proactive in their recruitment strategies in order to be competitive in attracting the right skills sets. Of course, this resourcefulness comes more easily to large organisations such as Google and Facebook, who have gargantuan HR budgets, and places small business at a distinct disadvantage.
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Linux job portal launched: LinuxCareer.com
As a demand for Linux-related jobs has jumped unexpectedly high in the last couple of years, LinuxCareer.com as a new Linux related job portal attempts to compensate for this sudden surge in demand for Linux skilled professionals and will surely accommodate both employers and job seekers.  LinuxCareer.com is not affiliated with any local or international company, nor is it a recruitment or employment agency and it is specialising only in Linux based careers and closely related Information Technology fields.
LinuxCareer.com offers tools such as application tracking, Â job alerts, login and syncing resumes with facebook.com and linkedin.com accounts as well as screening questionnaires for employers and resume uploads for job seekers.
Job seekers world wide can stay informed about new job listings using RSS feed or Twitter and search linuxcareer.com portal using their mobile by navigating to linuxcareer.com’s mobile version m.linuxcareer.com .
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synchronize time with NTP server on Ubuntu 10.04
Question:
Hi Could u please tell me how to synchronize time with NTP server on Ubuntu 10.04 THX
Answer:
First you need to install ntpdate package. Login as a root install enter:
# apt-get install ntpdate
When installed execute a following command as a root user:
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org
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Remove and add www from url using apache .htaccess file
Having www in URL of your webpages is not a necessary. It is matter of choice. Most of the internet users are still typing www in from of every domain they enter into they web browser. By use of apache's .htaccess file yuo can force your URL to contain www or you can remove www completely. Here is a way how to add www to your URL. Edit your .htaccess file:
Add www to URL
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^linuxconfig.org$
RewriteRule (.*) http://www.linuxconfig.org$1 [R=301]
Remove www from URL
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.linuxconfig.org$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://linuxconfig.org/$1 [R=301,L]
In both cases replace domain name with your website's domain name.
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Simple file Encryption and Decryption using encryption key
Question:
Is there a easy way to encrypt and decrypt a file on a Ubuntu Linux system?
Answer:
If you are looking for a simple way to encrypt and decrypt files your should consider to use ccrypt. Use a following command to install ccrypt on a Ubuntu Linux system:
# apt-get install ccrypt
When ready you can use ccrypt to encrypt any file. Example:
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Bash for loop with files containing white space
Question:
i've got a problem when using wild cards like "*.jpg". maybe you have a hint for that resp. want to add an example for the community:
- there is a directory with files,that also have spaces in the name
- i want to write a script that creates thumbs from its jpgs (using mogrify)
- if i call the script with arg "*.jpg" then the names are resolved as space delimitered strings
- inside the script i can't find out anymore, if space is a delimiter or part of the name
What i found is an option in ls "-b" that escapes the spaces. This could be the solution. Is there a way to resolve "*.jpg" in a escaped way?
Answer:
You may want to set $IFS ( Internal Field Separator ) variable to avoid your for loops break when encountered with a whitespace character such as space or tabs.
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Easy way to create a Debian package and local package repository
This article describes a simple way on how to create a home made debian package and include it into a local package repository. Although we could use a existing Debian/Ubuntu package, we will start from scratch by creating our own minimalistic unofficial debian package. Once our package is ready, we will include it into our local package repository. This article illustrates very simplistic approach of creating debian package, however it may serve as a template in many different scenarios.
Creating a binary executable
First we need to create some simple program, compile it and test it. Our program will do nothing else just print "linuxconfig.org" on the screen. Here is a code:
#include <iostream> int main() { using namespace std; cout << "linuxconfig.org\n"; return 0; }
Save the above code as linuxconfig.cc. At this point make sure that you have compiler installed on your system by executing:
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Batch image resize using linux command line
Question:
How can I batch resize of multiple images using ubuntu linux command line? Is there any tool which would help me with this and/or is there GUI application which makes image resizing easy. I have hundreds of images and therefore I'm in need of such a tool.
Answer:
The best and the easiest way to resize multiple images using linux command line is to use imagemagick tools. First you need to install imagemagick package:
# apt-get install imagemagick
Once installed you will have multiple image processing tools available to our disposal, such as convert, identify and etc.
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Calculate column average using bash shell
Question:
Is there a way to calculate a average of a single column stored in a text file? For example my file contains:
$ cat file.txt line1 4.5 line2 6
how do I get 5.25 ?
Answer:
One way to do this is to use combination of bash for loop, cut, echo and bc commands. Execute the code below, assuming that file.txt is in your current working directory:
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How do I ping a specific port of a remote server?
Question:
How do I ping a specific port of a remote server? I need to find out whether the port on the remote server is open.
Answer:
ping utility does not allow you to ping specific port on you remote server. To see whether a specific port is open on a remote server you can use port-scanner such as nmap or simply try connect to a socket ( IP-address:port ) using telnet. In the example below we test whether a port number of TCP port 80 is open a host google.com:
# nmap -p 80 -sT google.com or # nmap -p 80 google.com
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Remove all files and directories owned by a specific user
Question:
Hi, how do I remove all files owned by a certain user. What I need is to find all files and directories and remove them system wide.
Answer:
The tool which may come handy to is a find command. Find command will find all files and directories owned by a specific user and execute rm command to remove them. The following command will find and remove all files within /home/ directory owned by a user "student". The following command is executed as root user:
NOTE: replace /home with your target directory.
# find /home/ -user student -exec rm -fr {} \;
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Iptables to reject all INPUT and OUTPUT except specific hosts
Question:
I have created a zone in my lan, where i have given 11 servers a dns address. But someone has connected 3 more(these three have only IP, not dns address), and i dont want to remove all servers to find out which ones it is.
Is there a way to make sure that only the servers with a dns-address provided by me is granted access to the internet? (block input and output)
Answer:
Reject all outgoing traffic from source IP address different than 222.111.111.222
iptables -A OUTPUT -t filter ! -s 222.111.111.222 -j REJECT
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Enabling Ubuntu compiz 3D cube Desktop Effect
If you ever get bored of your ordinary default Ubuntu desktop or you feel that you do not utilize your Graphic card the way you should, you can try to enable Ubuntu compiz 3D cube Desktop Effect the give your desktop an extra spark. This article will provide you with a step-by-step configuration on how to enable Ubuntu compiz 3D cube Desktop Effect.
Step 1: Installation of VGA driver
You may skip this step if you have already installed restricted display drivers from Ubuntu's PPA repository. This step is optional even with a default Ubuntu installation. I recommend to proceed with Step 2 and let Ubuntu system will attempt to detect your VGA card and install appropriate VGA drivers for your card automatically. If that fails come back to Step 1 and do it manually as described below.
Installation of nVidia restricted driver
First add ubuntu PPA repository:
$ sudo add-apt-repository \ ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates $ sudo apt-get update
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