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Linux News

Try the Linux desktop of the future

For the tinkerers and testers, 2010 is shaping up to be a perfect year. Almost every desktop and application we can think of is going to have a major release, ...

Sunday, 7 March 2010

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I-O Data Signs Linux Software Patent Agreement With Microsoft

Microsoft Corp. and I-O Data Device Inc. have entered into an agreement that will provide I-O Data’s customers with patent coverage for their use of I-O Data’s products running Linux ...

Friday, 5 March 2010

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Microsoft and Amazon.com Sign Patent Agreement

Microsoft Corp. today announced that it has signed a patent cross-license agreement with Amazon.com Inc. The agreement provides each company with access to the other’s patent portfolio and covers a ...

Friday, 5 March 2010

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When will Microsoft sue Google over Linux?

Microsoft once made the mistake of broad-brushing Linux as an intellectual property quagmire. It made Microsoft headlines, but few friends: lawyers didn't believe it, customers didn't want to hear it, ...

Monday, 1 March 2010

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Amazon Ponies Up to Microsoft for Linux Rights

Microsoft and Amazon have entered into a patent cross-licensing deal that covers, among other things, Amazon's Kindle and its use of Linux-based servers. The agreement calls for Amazon to pay ...

Tuesday, 23 February 2010

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Google's Android code deleted from Linux kernel

After removing Google's Android driver code from the Linux kernel, Novell Fellow and Linux developer Greg Kroah-Hartman has argued that the mobile OS is incompatible with the project's main tree. ...

Friday, 5 February 2010

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Sold out: Microsoft's Linux business is booming

The SD Times reports that Microsoft has sold nearly all of its SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) support coupons. Microsoft purchased the $240 million worth of coupons from Novell as ...

Friday, 5 February 2010

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Symbian OS Takes on Android, Linux in Massive Open Source Move

In a dramatic strategic move, the Symbian Foundation has made source code for the world’s most widely used mobile OS completely free and completely open. In addition, the Foundation says ...

Friday, 5 February 2010

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Ubuntu Firefox shuns Google for Yahoo! search

The next release of Ubuntu will scrap Google as the default search engine on its Firefox browser in favor of Yahoo!, thanks to a new revenue-sharing deal between Yahoo! and ...

Thursday, 28 January 2010

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2009's Five Most Popular & Important Linux Stories

Before jumping into this, let me say that's what popular isn't the same thing as what's important. So, I'm giving you a twofer list. The first is the most popular ...

Tuesday, 5 January 2010

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Shuttleworth steps down as Ubuntu 10.04 alpha steps up

Canonical announced that Mark Shuttleworth will be stepping down as CEO in March to be replaced by Canonical COO Jane Silber, reports eWEEK. Meanwhile, the Ubuntu project has released its ...

Friday, 18 December 2009

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Microsoft/Linux Milestones

Microsoft Monday made an historic move by submitting device drivers to the Linux kernel under a GPLv2 license. Microsoft has had a checkered past with both Linux and its open ...

Tuesday, 15 December 2009

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IBM's newest mainframe is all Linux

IBM has expanded its server lineup with a new mainframe system designed just for Linux that may be aimed, in particular, at higher-end x86 systems. The new system uses IBM's specialty ...

Wednesday, 9 December 2009

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New Linux kernel boosts graphics support, enhances KVM

Linus Torvalds announced the release of a stable Linux 2.6.32 kernel. Major additions include kernel-based mode setting (KMS) and 3D graphics support on select Radeon cards, plus new kernel shared ...

Saturday, 5 December 2009

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Linux presents a competitor to Chrome OS

An operating systems war has begun. The possibility of a series of netbooks available for bargain-basement prices became realistic in the minds of computer buyers because of cloud computing and its ...

Wednesday, 2 December 2009

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Linuxconfig.org
Bash prompt basics

Introduction

When managing a linux/unix operating system from the command line, users are interacting with the system via shell. This article will explore some of the basic features of the bash shell prompt. Default bash command line prompt on many linux systems does not have a color and display information about user's username, hostname and current working directory. As you well see in the following sections of this document this default settings can be easily changed by exporting a bash prompt PS{n} variables. Bash prompt can be modified to suit users needs and can display time, load, number of users using the system, uptime and more.

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How to dual boot Windows XP and Ubuntu Linux

Introduction

My restless effort to promote a Linux operating system and encourage its usage among other "PC" users made me this time to tackle a core topic of this effort and that is dual boot Linux Operating System and MS Windows XP Pro. I really do not expect windows users to switch from MS Windows to the Linux from one day to another, but I rather expect a slower and gradual transition with less headaches and without productivity losses.

There are already plenty of excellent articles in regard to this topic. However, I do still see Linux forums flooded with simple basic questions on how to dual boot these two operating systems. I see users coming from a MS Windows environment completely lost when it comes to a UNIX File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS), partitioning using EXT3 file system and navigation with simple "cd" command. It is very hard for them to let go of an idea of C: and D: drives. In recent 2 or 3 years Linux operating systems and its installation has improved in such a manner that I do not see a problem for a NON-IT person to install its own fully functional and productive version of the LINUX on his "Designed for Microsoft Windows XP" notebook.

Despite my believe I have decided to write this Linux-Windows dual boot "howto" for new Linux enthusiasts. In fact, I have had a friend who has no IT background to helping me by following my steps in this tutorial and believe it or not, he could install his own dual booting system without any problems.

Be aware that we are not going to describe all installation steps for both Linux and Windows installations in this article, only those steps which are necessary to accomplish this task.

Scenario

It is good time to describe a scenario which will be followed trough the whole article, and which you should use to help you think about your own requirements and expectations.

We will be using 42GB hard drive for both operating systems. The hard drive will be partitioned in a way that it will contain a separate partition for Windows XP and Linux installation. We have decided to dedicate a 10GB of space for each operating system. Remember that you can adjust this size according to your needs and your hard disk size.

Then we will create a partition with a SWAP file system, which is an absolute "must" for a Linux operating system to be functioning. Swap partition can be think of in MS windows terms like a "virtual memory".

All created partitions up to this point are called primary partitions. The limitation is that we can have a maximum of 4 primary partitions and what is more, unpartitioned disk space is not usable ! At this point, there is only one primary partition left for us. However, what if we need more than one partition to be created. In this case, we need to create an extended primary partition which will serve as a container for other logical partitions ( LPAR ). Fortunately for us an extended partition is created automatically once we create a logical partition. Our first logical partition in this scenario will be used for both systems as a shared drive. In MS Windows this partition will be accessible as a E:\ drive and Linux, will mount and make this partition available via /mnt/shared directory.

At the end, we will leave some free unpartitioned space for a further use. It was and I still believe this is a good administration practice to leave a free unpartitioned space for a troubleshooting and other emergencies at the end of the hard drive space. If you will need to use this space in a future all you need to do is to create an another logical partition and create a file system. At the moment, this space will NOT be accessible and this applies for both operating systems.

The figure below should help you to visualize the entire process:
How to dual boot Windows XP and Ubuntu Linux
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Ssh port forwarding

SSH Port Forwarding allows us to create a very simple "VPN" which lets you to secure insecure protocols such us telnet or ftp. When creating encrypted ssh connections a client needs to be connected to a ssh server on a remote host, thus creating a ssh tunnel via which an insecure information will travel. In this scenario, we are going to use ssh port forwarding to create an encrypted tunnel for telnet connection.

Enable telnet server on remote host

Let us first confirm that the telnet server is running on a remote host:

$ netstat -ant | grep 23 

remote server port 23

Create ssh tunnel to remote host

In this example you will open port 4500 on your local host and tunnel it to the port 23 on your remote host. You do not have to do this as a root. Since we are using a port higher than 1024 a ordinary user is able to create this port forward connection. Keep in mind that a tunnel is erected only when the ssh connection is running.

# ssh -L 4500:127.0.0.1:23 linuxconfig.org 

create tunnel
At this point, every connection which uses port 4500 on the localhost will be redirected to remote port 23.

Telnet to remote host via ssh port forwarding

Before we attempt to telnet to a remote host via tunnel, we need to ensure that the tunnel is still running:

# netstat -ant | grep 4500 

ssh port forwarding
Once we know that the tunnel is still running we can attempt to telnet on local port 4500.

# telnet localhost 4500 

Telnet to remote host via ssh port forwarding

 
Bash scripting Tutorial

This bash script tutorial assumes no previous knowledge of bash scripting.As you will soon discover in this quick comprehensive bash scripting guide, learning the bash shell scripting is very easy task. Lets begin this bash scripting tutorial with a simple "Hello World" script. Let's start with Learning the bash Shell: Unix Shell Programming

Hello World Bash Shell Script



First you need to find out where is your bash interpreter located. Enter the following into your command line:

$ which bash 

bash interpreter location: /bin/bash


Open up you favorite text editor and a create file called hello_world.sh. Insert the following lines to a file:

NOTE:Every bash shell script in this tutorial starts with shebang:"#!" which is not read as a comment. First line is also a place where you put your interpreter which is in this case: /bin/bash.

Here is our first bash shell script example:

#!/bin/bash
# declare STRING variable
STRING="Hello World"
#print variable on a screen
echo $STRING









Navigate to a directory where your hello_world.sh is located and make the file executable:

$ chmod +x hello_world.sh 

Make bash shell script executable

Now you are ready to execute your first bash script:

./hello_world.sh 

Example of simple bash shell script

Read more...
 
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